Cosmic Spaghetti: A Metaphorical Exploration of Wave-Particle Duality and Tunneling

The following are metaphors for string theory and photons. Metaphors are often used to illustrate mathematical concepts. But not all metaphors are treated as equal.

Ray, the Enthusiastic Explainer:

Let’s understand this.
The following metaphors present imaginative illustrations rather than accurate models of how photons, tunneling, or extra dimensions work. It mixes features of quantum mechanics with speculative elements of string theory and does not reflect current scientific understanding.

Imagining Photons

After trying to find a visual model of a point- or line-like photon exhibiting quantum tunneling—and failing in that attempt—I’m going to say that the photon, in its natural state, is like a squiggly (spinning) entity, basically cosmic spaghetti. Not the limp, dinner kind. Instead it’s the al dente sort, wriggling through 4D space with a head and tail like hyperactive space eels! Metaphorically speaking, of course.

The squiggly photon body extends into the 3rd and 4th dimensions. This model explains the point-like particle aspect (the head) and the wave-like aspect (the squiggles) of photon duality.

Kurt, the Bemused Realist:
That visualization is a metaphor and does not correspond to any accepted model in quantum mechanics or string theory. That’s your grand theory of quantum tunneling?

Ray:
Now, when this photon hits a physical barrier, it gets squashed down into the zero and the first dimension, like an egg hitting a brick wall at lightspeed. Splat. The 0D and 1D dimensions don’t know space or time. This enables the photon to tunnel almost instantaneously (faster than light) through solid objects.

That’s a neat metaphor and description for a layperson.

Kurt:
The description of tunneling as a “dimensional compression effect” that results in instantaneous traversal is a metaphorical flourish with no basis in established physics. Why not just say they’re cheating? ‘Oh, pardon me, barrier, just phasing through your atomic structure like a ghost who’s late for yoga—’

Ray:
Science needs drama! The photon’s squiggle gets pressed into the 1st dimension—think of it as the universe’s worst pancake. No space, no time. Poof. It’s through the wall. Faster than light, zero calories.

Kurt:
Your description of the photon hitting a brick wall like an egg is novel and doesn’t form part of current scientific understanding. And physicists haven’t throttled you for this?

Ray:
They’re too busy arguing! Thirty years debating if it’s ‘phase velocity’ or ‘signal velocity,’ or whether or not signals can tunnel through a barrier faster than light. It’s like two parrots squawking ‘causality!’ at each other. “Serious” scientists say that NOTHING under any circumstance can travel faster than light AND transmit information.

Meanwhile, photons are out there, winking through walls like they’ve got a VIP pass to reality. Wave-particle duality is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics (QM), not string theory. I made it into both for illustrative purposes. That’s why the metaphor makes sense in this context.

Kurt:
The statement is correct that wave–particle duality is a concept from quantum mechanics, and invoking it in the context of string theory in the manner described is provocative.

Ray:
The metaphor represents tunneling as a dimensional compression effect.

Kurt:
This currently has no basis in string theory or QM. ‘Dimensional compression’—sounds like my last relationship.

NASA illustration of photons. Looks like tadpoles (I assume that the high energy photon spins faster.)

Ray:
In this illustration from NASA, one photon (purple) carries a million times the energy of another (yellow). NASA are masters of sci-fi concept art. ‘Here’s a purple photon, one million times zingier! It’s got attitude.’

Kurt:
Apparently, NASA’s illustrations aim to simplify and motivate discussion; they should not be taken as literal descriptions of photon behavior in advanced physics theories. Science is 5% equations, 95% convincing people the universe is a cartoon using metaphor.

Ray:
So tunneling’s just… cosmic teleportation via existential crisis?

Kurt:
Exactly! The photon’s existential dread collapses it into a dot. Who am I? Where is time? And bam—it’s through the barrier. Existentialism: 1, Physics: 0. Because otherwise, we’d be stuck explaining it with math. And nobody wants that.

Narrator (Deep Voice):
And thus, the mysteries of quantum mechanics remain.
But at least everyone agreed the metaphors needed a raise.

March 20, 2025April 17, 2025

Exploring the Cosmic Mysteries: an Interview on String Theory and the Nature of Time

Interview with Eric, Citizen Scientist, discussing string theory

Setting: A picturesque villa in Crete, surrounded by lush olive groves and the shimmering Aegean Sea in the distance. The air is filled with the scent of orange blossoms. The gentle rustling of trees sets a tranquil backdrop. Sunlight filters through the open patio, bathing the room in a warm glow as Eric, a passionate citizen scientist, prepares to discuss his ideas.

Interviewer: Thank you for inviting me here in this beautiful setting, Eric. It seems an inspiring place to discuss complex topics like string theory.

Eric: Smiling Thank you! The beauty of nature often sparks curiosity. Now, where shall we begin?

Interviewer: Let’s dive right into string theory. It’s a fascinating area of study. Could you explain the concept of a graviton for us?

Eric: Certainly! In string theory, a graviton is represented by a closed string. Specifically, certain looped particles can function as gravitons. What’s crucial to understand is that elementary particles are viewed simply as different vibrational modes of these one-dimensional strings.

He gestures towards a vibrant garden, where a butterfly flits by, reflecting on the vibrational states of nature.

Eric: The graviton is hypothetically the quantum of gravity. It is identified with a unique vibrational state of a closed string—one whose ends are joined to form a continuous loop. However, not every closed string represents a graviton. There are various states a closed string can exhibit.

Interviewer: It’s interesting how strings can embody multiple states. Now, shifting gears slightly, can you talk about photons?

Eric: Absolutely. Photons, as you might know, travel along paths known as null geodesics. Here in Crete, we have a beautiful view of the horizon. However, photons travel through spacetime in a manner that the spacetime interval along their paths is considered zero.

He pauses, contemplating the waves breaking gently on the shore.

Eric: In general relativity, mass and energy curve spacetime, and photons follow these geodesics. This means that while a photon’s journey might span billions of years from our perspective, it experiences no passage of time itself. Its proper time remains zero.

Interviewer: But surely, that raises questions about the concept of a “photon’s perspective”?

Eric: Precisely! It’s a point of contention. While mathematics suggests that the proper time is zero, it would be misleading to speak of a photon having a perspective or experience. There’s no valid inertial reference frame where a photon is at rest.

He leans back, his eyes scanning the horizon.

Eric: When we consider a photon, even if it has traversed vast distances, it doesn’t actually skip over history. Instead, it follows a well-defined path through the curved spacetime, regardless of its own “clock” being permanently unmoving.

Interviewer: Fascinating. So, do all photons follow straight paths in curved spacetime, or can some form loops?

Eric: In curved spacetime, some photons may indeed follow paths that create loops. This is a characteristic of certain spacetimes with unique properties or topologies. However, this isn’t a universal trait; it heavily depends on the overall structure of spacetime.

As a cool breeze wafts through the patio, he continues.

Eric: In classical string theory, looped strings are intriguingly analogous to gravitons. It’s not that a photon on a loop becomes a graviton, but it opens discussions about the underlying connections between particles.

Interviewer: Speaking of loops, could you elaborate on closed timelike curves (CTCs)?

Eric: Certainly. A closed timelike curve is a theoretical concept in spacetime. If one were to travel along it, you’d return to the same point in both space and time. It is a bit like one of those winding paths leading back to where they started.

The sound of laughter from a nearby group of children playing strikes a balance with the scientific gravity of the conversation.

Eric: Imagine, if you will, time flowing like a straight line from the past to the future. A CTC would allow for a circular time path. Though it presents extraordinary implications, it only arises under very unusual conditions within the solutions of Einstein’s equations in general relativity.

Interviewer: It takes quite some imagination to grasp such ideas! Thank you, Eric, for sharing your insights amidst this beautiful backdrop.

As the sun dips below the horizon, a warm glow *, is cast* *on the vill*a

They conclude the interview as the sun dips below the horizon, casting a warm glow on the villa. It serves as a perfect metaphor for the blend of time and theories explored.

April 15, 2025April 18, 2025

On the existence of “Aldebaranians”

Aldebaranian Extraterrestrials and Telepathic Contact?

Upon reviewing the “Vril Project” material, it becomes clear that the details provided regarding the drawings and symbols—which supposedly form the basis for telepathic contact—are incorrect. On these grounds, I conclude that the proposed contact with an Aldebaranian species is entirely fictitious.

Aldebaranian interstellar space battlecruisers, AI extrapolation of images based on telepathic contact claims

Aldebaran is known as the bull’s eye ◎ in the constellation Taurus (The Bull), and is 65 light-years distant from us. It’s right next to the Pleiades (Seven Sisters) star cluster. Aldebaran has been described as a follower of the Pleiades.

Fun Fact:
The Pioneer 10 probe, launched in 1972, is on its way to Aldebaran. Although it no longer communicates with the Earth, it will reach Aldebaran in about 2 million years.

Professor Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke (author of “The Occult Roots of Nazism”) states that “In the early 1990s, the Austrians Norbert Jürgen Ratthofer and Ralf Ettl developed new Nazi UFO myths involving ancient Babylon, Vril energy, and extraterrestrial civilization in the solar system of Aldebaran.”

According to myth, the Aldebaranians made contact with the Third Reich and helped in the development of German UFOs.

According to Ella LeBain, author of “Who’s who in the Cosmic Zoo?“,

an emerging fringe narrative claims Nazi Germany accessed a “stargate” to the star Aldebaran, using trance mediums and telepathic “light‐code” secrets in ancient Hebrew to justify genocide and develop advanced UFO and atomic‑implosion technology—dubbed the “Black Sun.” Drawing on works by Zechariah Sitchin and Phyllis Schlemmer, the theory links Sumerian and Babylonian empires to Nazi occultism and portrays extraterrestrial “Elohim” as the architects of Phoenician and Israelite origins.

According to the same account, post‑1945 American agencies seized Nazi UFO blueprints and recruited German scientists for both NASA and a covert “underground” space program. Proponents warn that Aldebarans—alongside reptilian “Draconians” and Grey aliens—now lurk within global elites, aiming to forge a Fourth Reich and a New World Order. Mainstream historians and scientists reject these claims as baseless, citing a complete lack of verifiable evidence for any terrestrial stargate or telepathic warfare

Origin of the Aldebaran Contact Claim

The initial reference to telepathic contact with Aldebaranian beings, through mediums such as Maria Orsic and “Sigrun,” originates from a single source: Ralf Ettl (d. 2006). According to David Childress, oftentimes a guest on “Ancient Aliens,” Ettl was residing in London in 1989. At that time, he received a parcel containing documents describing this alleged contact. Childress was the first to recount this origin story.

The “Vril Society” in Historical Context

The parcel purportedly contained information about telepathic mediums associated with the “Vril Society,” who contacted Aldebaran beings around 1919. However, an examination of historical references to the “Vril Society” reveals significant inconsistencies in the narrative:

• 1947: The first mention of a “Vril Society” appears in an article by defected German Third Reich rocket engineer Dr. Willy Ley, titled “Pseudoscience in Naziland.” Although Ley mentions the Vril Society, he makes no reference to telepathic mediums or extraterrestrial contacts. Instead, meditating upon an apple core reveals the nature of “Vril.”

• 1960: A subsequent reference to the “Vril Society” occurs in the book “The Morning of the Magicians,” which cites Ley’s article and introduces a link to the Theosophical Society and the Rosicrucians with the Vril Society.

• 1990: It is not until the release of Ralf Ettl and Norbert Ratthofer’s narrative, “The Vril Project,” that any claim of telepathic contact, extraterrestrial communication with Aldebaran, or connections to the Thule society or UFOs is introduced.

The Narrative of “The Vril Project”

Ralf Ettl and Jürgen Ratthofer describe a secret meeting held in December 1919. At this meeting, the innermost circles of the Thule and Vril societies gathered. The medium Maria Orsic allegedly presented two stacks of papers. One stack featured a bizarre-looking German Templar secret script, while the other contained what appeared to be a normal, legible text.

According to the narrative, these texts were received via mediumistic channeling—dictated both in a mysterious “temple script” and in a language completely unknown to the medium. Orsic herself believed that the unknown language must have been ancient and Near Eastern in nature. Later, it was asserted that this mysterious language was Sumerian—i.e., the language of the ancient precursors of Babylonian culture. The Aldebaranian language is identical to Sumerian! That’s because the Aldebaranians came to visit Earth 500,000 years ago. And then again later.

(The author Zecharia Sitchin told a similar story in 1976 in his book “The Twelfth Planet.” Only his extraterrestrial Anunnaki came from “Nibiru,” a planet in our solar system beyond Neptune.)

Critical Analysis of the Claims

A closer look at the claims and evidence presented in “The Vril Project” reveals several inconsistencies:

• Sumerian Writing and Language:
Although the Sumerians invented writing, the script they developed—cuneiform—is markedly different from the so-called 13th-century “temple script” described in the narrative. Sumerian cuneiform is recorded on clay tablets that are over 5000 years old and bear no resemblance to any secret “Temple” script.

Moreover, the Sumerian language does not sound like German (click here for a sound sample). This contradicts the report of a language that “almost sounded like German” yet remained incomprehensible.

• The Nature of the Message:

The messages received by Maria Orsic were in German and encoded with a simple substitution cipher. The availability of a cipher key would have allowed for the deciphering of the texts. This undermines the claim of an entirely unknown language.

• The Black Sun Symbol:

A central symbol in esoteric Nazism is the Black Sun, which appears in two distinctly different versions:

– Wewelsburg Black Sun Version:
This version is found at Wewelsburg in Germany, which served during the Third Reich as the spiritual center of an emerging Nazi ideology. It’s only a fairly recent claim that the design resembles a Black Sun.

What is not known:

The spoked mosaic of the ‘Black Sun’ at Wewelsburg (designed after 1934) is derived from the decorative rim of the Samarra Bowl. This bowl was discovered by Ernst Herzfelder around 1914 and later exhibited in the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. The bowl’s center features one of the oldest known swastika depictions. Samarra is located in the region historically known as Sumeria.

You can stretch the Samarra bowl’s meandering pattern to match the Wewelsburg mosaic’s pattern. It is strange that the authors of “Esoteric Nazism” didn’t pick up on this Sumerian connection.

– New Black Sun Version from “The Vril Project”:

Another Black Sun version was first presented in Ettl’s 1990 pamphlet “The Vril Project” and later featured in the pseudo-documentary “UFO: Secrets of the Third Reich” (1995). Peter Moon’s “The Black Sun: Montauk’s Nazi-Tibetan Connection” (1997) also presents this design. It is similar to the old flag of the Japanese empire. Additionally, this eye-catching design closely resembles the 16-spoke strobe disk of mechanical, low-bandwidth television. This type of TV was first pioneered in 1925.

In 1985, Carl Sagan posed a hypothetical question in his novel “Contact.” He asked, “What if the Nazis didn’t have television in 1936? Then what would have happened?”

What indeed? The video snippet below is from Ralf Ettl’s UFO film,
which kickstarted the popularization of the “Reichsflugscheibe” theory:

Was Ettl inspired by Carl Sagan’s novel, to design his “Black Sun” based on a TV strobe disk? Could the “Aldebaranian” writing on it serve as evidence of “extraterrestrial influence?”

The Ettl Black Sun version
Around the perimeter of the graphic is a slogan of the Thule Society. This slogan is encrypted using the “Templar Script” substitution cipher in German. By no means is it extraterrestrial. Spoiler: Here is the translation (click).

At the center of the disk, two runes are identified by Ettl and Ratthofer as a double “EH” rune (ᚾᚾ). In reality, the correct reading of the double Naudiz rune is “NN.” We can interpret this as an abbreviation for “Neo-Nazi.” This detail further suggests that the story is a post-war fabrication, as there was no such group before or during World War II.

Conclusion

An analysis of the available evidence exposes a series of anachronisms and inconsistencies within the “Vril Project” narrative. Erroneous claims regarding ancient language, misidentification of historical scripts, and contradictory symbolism all undermine the credibility of the telepathic Aldebaran contact story. In light of these discrepancies, the proposed contact with an Aldebaranian species must be regarded as entirely fictitious.

There are several false claims within the literature; this analysis restricted itself to the claim of telepathic contact by mediums of the Vril society. Almost all other claims are also false. Despite this, Revell created a UFO model based on the claims made in the Vril project about German flying saucers.

Verdict: FAKE

References

“The Sound of the Ancient Sumerian Language (Entemena of Lagash).” YouTube, https://youtu.be/3QticJ8mww4.
Ley, Willy. Pseudoscience in Naziland.
Barkun, Michael. A Culture of Conspiracy.
Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas. Black Sun.
Pauwels, Louis, and Jacques Bergier. The Morning of the Magicians.
“The Vril Project.” 1990.
Farrell, Joseph P. Nazi International.
Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas. The Occult Roots of Nazism.
Zündel, Ernst. UFOs: Nazi Secret Weapon.
de Lafayette, Maximillien. UFOs, Maria Orsic.
Wissensbuch der ILU-Lehre.
Ettl, Ralf. Das Babylonier Buch.
Fort, Charles. The Book of the Damned.
Strube, Julian. Die Erfindung des esoterischen Nationalsozialismus im Zeichen der Schwarzen Sonne.
UFO: Secrets of the Third Reich. 1995.
Moon, Peter. The Black Sun: Montauk’s Nazi-Tibetan Connection. 1997.
van Helsing, Jan. Geheimgesellschaften und ihre Macht im 20. Jahrhundert.
Ratthofer, N.J. Galaxisimperium Aldebaran.
van Helsing, Jan. Unternehmen Aldebaran.
Childress, David Hatcher. Vril: Secrets of the Black Sun
NAZIS ‘FIRST WITH FLYING SAUCERS’
https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/139966106
Flying Saucers Do Exist, Says Scientist
https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/47626536
ENGINEER CLAIMS ‘SAUCER’ PLANS ARE IN SOVIET HANDS;
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000015471.pdf
Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Goodrick-Clarke

March 19, 2025March 19, 2025

Is humanity equipped for extraterrestrial contact?

A Call for Preparedness

Imagine, for a moment, a solitary spacecraft drifting beyond the edge of our solar system. Onboard, a golden record spins silently, carrying whispers of human laughter, the songs of whales, and the crackle of a mother’s heartbeat. This artifact, this Voyager, is a testament to our yearning—a bottled message cast into the cosmic ocean. Yet, as it voyages through the interstellar dark, one question lingers like a shadow: If its call were answered, would we truly be ready?

The Fragile Mosaic of “Humanity”

We speak of “humanity” as a single chorus, but ours is a symphony of dissonance and harmony. Seven billion souls, fractured by borders, ideologies, and creeds, yet bound to a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam. Could we, in the face of an extraterrestrial Other, set aside ancient grudges and newfound fears? Or would we splinter further, our divisions magnified under the cold gaze of the universe?

Are we, in our adolescence as a species, prepared to shield our flame—and to recognize the light of another?

Equipped: Beyond Ray Guns and Radio Telescopes

To be “equipped” is not merely to wield the tools of detection—the arrays of antennas listening for faint stellar murmurs or laboratories teasing apart Martian soil for microbial hieroglyphs. It is to cultivate the wisdom to wield them well.

The Moral Universe: Whose Ethics Will Guide Us?

What ethical compass will steer us if we encounter beings whose very biology defies earthly logic? Creatures who breathe methane, communicate in ultraviolet, or perceive time as a spiral rather than an arrow? The Golden Rule, ancient and universal, may falter in the face of such radical difference.

Passive Dreamers or Active Architects?

We are the ones whispering into the void, sending probes and involuntary signals like children skipping stones into a bottomless sea. But what if the sea answers? Have our antennas maybe already picked up a signal—a cosmic “hello”, that may rewrite our theology, science, and philosophy, if understood?

A Call to Cosmic Citizenship

The challenge before us is to mature as a species—to see ourselves not as tribes or nations, but as Earthlings. To recognize that every war, every injustice, and every act of ecological myopia weakens our readiness for the cosmos.

In the words of Sagan, “Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves.” The universe does not care if we fail. But if we succeed—if we unite in curiosity, compassion, and foresight—we might yet earn a place among the stars.

So let us gaze upward, not with fear, but with the courage to confront our flaws. Let us craft a future worthy of the cosmos we seek to join. The night sky is alive with possibilities. The question is: Are we?

After all, the stars are not just distant suns. They are mirrors, reflecting back who we are—and who we might become.

March 11, 2025April 2, 2025

Video: Quantum Tunneling Challenges Einstein’s Limits

“Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known.”
― Carl Sagan.

One such phenomenon that captures the wonder of the universe is Quantum Tunneling. Picture this: Split a photon beam. One half races at light speed—obeying the rules. The other? It slams into a wall. But in the quantum realm, walls are…negotiable. Particles don’t “go through”—they cheat! They vanish here and reappear there, like cosmic teleporters. Nimtz measures those renegade photons and—BAM!—they outpace their law-abiding siblings. This is the astonishing reality of Quantum Tunneling.

🔬 Can information travel faster than light? Physicist Günter Nimtz claims he’s done the impossible—sending a microwave signal 4.7 times the speed of light using quantum tunneling! In this controversial experiment, he split a signal, tunneled part through a barrier, and even transmitted Mozart’s 40th Symphony… backwards in time?

I found a documentary from way back; Günter Nimtz explains his own claims:

Breaking Einstein? Scientist Sends Mozart Faster Than Light Using Quantum Tunneling!

⚛️ The Science Breakdown:

How does quantum tunneling defy Einstein’s light-speed limit?
Why do physicists like Raymond Chow argue this isn’t true information transfer?
Could this experiment rewrite the rules of time and causality?

Can informatrion travel faster than light?

Nimtz sparked an international debate: Is this a groundbreaking discovery or a misinterpretation of quantum randomness? Dive into the mind-bending experiment that blurs the line between science fiction and reality—and decide for yourself if time travel messages could ever be possible.

💬 Comment below: Do you think faster-than-light communication is achievable, or is Einstein still right?

(Spoiler alert: Einstein is right. But not in Zero or One-Dimensional Objects space (0D-1D).
Einstein provided crucial insights into the nature of spacetime and gravitation, but he did not directly describe the behavior of quantum mechanics in non-Riemannian spaces.

March 20, 2025April 3, 2025

Can information travel faster than light

When there is no time, there is no space (and vice versa). The concept of moving faster than light challenges our understanding of space and time.

…from the photon’s perspective, time does not exist. At the speed of light, time effectively shouts: “HALT!” Whether or not photons actually speak German is irrelevant. Important is: “When there is no time, there is no space.”

Image: hologram of a photon, Univ. of Warsaw

One of Günter Nimtz’s claims regarding tunneling is that the tunneling process occurs faster than light. Most physicists concur with this assertion; for instance, Aephraim Steinberg stated that the results on quantum tunneling are “robustly superluminal.” The contention arises from Nimtz’s suggestion that a signal can be transmitted faster than light, which anyone can hear, thereby challenging the no-communication theorem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-communication_theorem .

The idea of faster-than-light (FTL) communication is largely considered taboo in physics, attributed to the “Fundamental Fysiks” group from Princeton in the 1970s. This group of hippie “fysicists,” who experimented with psychedelics and magic, developed the “no-communication theorem.”

Quantum Counterculture

Like many Americans of the 1960s and 70s, some physicists took part in questioning traditional institutions.

So, on one hand, physicists agree that particles can quantum-tunnel faster than light, while on the other hand, they maintain that this phenomenon cannot be used to transmit information. Yet, it raises the question: if we can perceive such signals, how does this reconcile with the established limits of communication in physics?

Interestingly, Aephraim Steinberg from the University of Toronto has called quantum tunneling “robustly superluminal”:

Quantum Tunnels Show How Particles Can Break the Speed of Light

Recent experiments show that particles should be able to go faster than light when they quantum mechanically “tunnel” through walls.

He has measured this by using “Larmor clocks,” which is a different way of saying he measured the spin of photons before and after entering the tunnel.

So, he transmitted the spin position of a photon at superluminal speed. How is this not “transmitting information?” He transmitted information about the state of the photon, and measured its change after superluminal travel through the quantum tunnel. Didn’t he violate the no-communication theorem? And why is he allowed to transmit information on the photon spin at superluminal speed, and Nimtz from the University of Cologne can’t transmit AM modulated waves with Mozart?

SIMPLIFIED string theory

For simplification, I have described a photon as a quantum entity, a point, or a 0D (zero dimension) brane. The word “brane” comes from the word “membrane” and the physicists who came up with string theory left out the “mem”. When the photon undergoes tunneling, it behaves like a 1D (one-dimensional) string. A 1D string is a “one-brane” membrane, but the physicists who came up with string theory thought it would sound better to give it a different name. I think.

*NerdBoy1392, CC BY-SA 3.0 <*https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

So, in both 0D and 1D contexts, the concepts of time and space, as we know them, do not exist. You need the fourth dimension to have space and time. What I have done here is to illustrate the particle/wave duality.

My simplification has not much in common with “real” string theory. I called it “string” theory because two points (photons) connected by a line look like a string. A string can be a wave. A point is a particle.

Moreover, there is a common assertion that “in quantum mechanics, particles exist in spacetime.” From our perspective, a photon certainly exists in spacetime as it travels from point A to point B.

However, from the photon’s perspective, time does not exist. At the speed of light, time effectively shouts: “HALT!” Whether or not photons actually speak German is irrelevant. Important is: “When there is no time, there is no space.”

This agrees with time dilation at c.

————————

Second opinion: “A Photon’s Point of View”

by Steve Nerlich (PhD), Director, International Research and Analysis Unit, Australia

“A photons view” by Christopher Vitale of Networkologies and the Pratt Institute

“From a photon’s point of view, it is emitted and then instantaneously reabsorbed. This is true for a photon emitted in the core of the Sun, which might be reabsorbed after crossing a fraction of a millimeter’s distance. And it is equally true for a photon that, from our point of view, has traveled for over 13 billion years after being emitted from the surface of one of the universe’s first stars. So it seems that not only does a photon not experience the passage of time, it does not experience the passage of distance either.”
End quote

The photon follows a null geodesic; this is the path that massless particles follow. That’s why it’s called “null”; its interval (its “distance” in 4D spacetime) is equal to zero, and it does not have a proper time associated with it.

Difference of SIMPLIFIED string theory to “real” string theory

In real string theory, any particle, at any time, is a string. In my simplified version, a particle following a null geodesic, not influenced by gravity or fields of any kind, is a 0D (zero dimensional) point.

“Real” string theory vs the simplified version

It is only by interacting with external fields, gravitational, electromagnetic or objects, that the particle (photon) gains the first dimension. The photon is slowed down, and it becomes a “string.” The length of this string is analogous to its deceleration and possible wave “length.”

So, a very high energy-photon, for instance in the gamma ray spectrum, is a relatively short “string,” which translates into a short wavelength. A short string makes short wavelengths.

If the photon is slowed down more, for instance, by hitting the dense atmosphere of a planet, it becomes longer and can express an infrared wavelength. A longer photon string makes longer wavelengths, and it interacts differently with its environment.

QED

A Photon’s Point of View (archive)
https://web.archive.org/web/20240423185232/https://phys.org/news/2011-08-photons-view.html

A Photon’s Point of View
https://phys.org/news/2011-08-photons-view.html

Images
left: Hologram of a single photon, Univ. of Warsaw
https://geometrymatters.com/hologram-of-a-single-photon/

March 4, 2025March 7, 2025

DIY Amateur Passive Radar for UFO detection

Prepare to be amazed!

The pilots of the USS Nimitz officially tracked the TicToc UFO (or UAP) using the state-of-the-art Spy One Aegis System. Specifically, the phased array (SPY-1(V) [AEGIS]). The radar operator Kevin Day aboard the Nimitz’s consort, USS Princeton, played a pivotal role in this encounter.

This advanced military-grade passive radar system comes at a staggering cost of approximately $20 million! (For more info, check out: SPY-1 Wikipedia.)

But what if I told you that you could build your very own passive radar system at a fraction of that price? Imagine tracking not only commercial aircraft and meteorites entering Earth’s atmosphere. You could potentially track UFOs themselves—if luck is on your side!

A bit of SETI Passive Radar history

A temporarily unverified anecdote: In 2018, Peter Davenport, the Director of the National UFO Reporting Center, revealed to a friend that he had contacted Dr. Jill Tarter on February 3, 2014, about his paper advocating the use of “passive” radar to detect UFOs near Earth.

He emphasized that his goal was to propose a collaborative effort for a thorough investigation. However, Dr. Tarter’s reply was brief and somewhat dismissive; she mentioned that she had retired from SETI and would forward his message to Gerry Harp, the new Director.

Despite Davenport’s follow-up attempts, he received no response from Harp, suggesting a reluctance within SETI to engage with UFO research initiatives. My friend described this reaction as surprising, given SETI’s public perception as pioneers in the search for extraterrestrial life.

SETI’s reaction, however (or lack thereof), is not surprising to me.

What is SDR-based Passive Radar?

Firstly, SDR stands for “Software Defined Radio.” This incredible technology emulates everything you would expect to find in a conventional radio receiver through software. This makes SDR radios much more affordable and loaded with features that traditional counterparts can only dream of!

A depiction of a passive radar experiment from 1935 with two “antennas.” The antennas consist of lengths of cable suspended above the ground. One of the antennas picked up a signal from the BBC directly. Then the second “antenna” picked up the reflection of that same signal from an aircraft, enabling the creation of a radar image. More directional antennas produce better results.

To construct this phenomenal passive radar station, all you need are two SDR radio dongles for your computer. In 2025 these are priced at $35 each (Amazon.com). Yes, you read that right! You will also need two antennas. (A link to the instructions you find at the end of this page.)

The Magic of Passive Radar

Here’s the best part: you don’t need a license to build and operate a passive radar station! As the name suggests, it operates entirely passively, meaning that your setup does not emit any radar beams.

Instead, you harness radio signals from local radio stations as your signal source. These signals naturally bounce off objects like meteorites, aircraft, or even those elusive UFOs!

Building Your Own SDR-based Passive Radar on a Budget!

Let’s kick things off with proof! Below you’ll find an animation showcasing measurements of airplanes and meteors captured by a radar system created with a few easily accessible components. Get ready to be thrilled!

What can you expect from this DIY Passive Radar? Check out this recording:

Of course, you’ll be much more likely to see plane traffic, meteorites, and low-flying objects like the International Space Station. This is more probable than any more exotic objects passing through your field of view.

The worlds first UFO case confirmed by amateur passive radar!

A round of applause to Josef Garcia and GEP for achieving the first amateur verification of a UFO via passive radar! Link (German):

UAP Case Dataset 20240920 B

On September 20, 2024, at 5:34 a.m. CEST, a UAP sighting occurred in Friesenheim-Oberweier, Germany. A federal police officer reported observing a bright apparition in the clear sky, characterized by a wave-like form with colon-like dots to the left. Subsequent confirmation of the sighting was provided by a signal from a passive radar operated by Josef Garcia, a member of GEP.

Take a look at these remarkable amateur passive radar images contributed by Josef Garcia:

This radar track shows an object doing rapid 80° degree turns. Image courtesy of Josef Garcia, 2021

In comparison the smooth flight path of the ISS. Image courtesy of Josef Garcia, 2021

AI-driven filtering and detection of UFO radar tracks

Unlocking the Skies: How AI Is Revolutionizing UFO Detection

Picture this: a radar blip streaks across the screen at 74,000 km/h (46,000 mph), halts mid-air, then pivots instantly—defying gravity, physics, and every known aircraft on Earth. This isn’t science fiction. These are the jaw-dropping maneuvers that set UFOs apart from conventional planes, drones, or even meteorites. But how do we spot these anomalies in a sea of ordinary radar data? The answer lies in the flight patterns no human pilot or machine could survive—and the AI that’s learning to track them.

UFOs don’t follow the rules.

They hover silently, sometimes for hours, accelerate faster than a hypersonic missile, or execute 90-degree turns at speeds that would shred any human-made craft. While not all UFOs pull off these physics-defying stunts, those that do leave a glaring signature: a trail of radar data that screams “this isn’t from our world.”

But here’s the catch: manually scouring radar feeds for these rare, split-second events is like finding a needle in a cosmic haystack. It’s tedious, time-consuming, and prone to human error. Enter AI-powered pattern recognition—a game-changer in the hunt for the unexplained. Imagine training algorithms to flag the impossible.

Machine learning models can digest decades of radar data, learning the difference between a commercial jet, a weather balloon, and an object that stops dead in the sky before vanishing at Mach 60. These systems never sleep, never blink, and process millions of data points in real time, alerting scientists only when they detect the extraordinary: sudden accelerations, inhuman G-force maneuvers, or objects that defy aerodynamic logic.

(Image: Amateur passive radar setup)
Machine learning isn’t just about efficiency—it’s about unlocking mysteries. By automating the detection of UFO signatures, AI turns a once-impossible task into a scalable mission.

Researchers can focus on analysis instead of endless screen-watching, accelerating our understanding of these enigmatic phenomena.

The skies are stranger than we think. And with AI as our co-pilot, we’re finally building the tools to decode their secrets—one anomalous blip at a time. 🛸✨

Ready to rethink what’s possible? The truth isn’t just out there… it’s in the data.

Curious about passive radar technology? (the AI part comes later)

Click below to find out how to built your own Passive-Radar-Station.

Building Your Own SDR-based Passive Radar On A Shoestring

Let’s start off with proof. Below is an animation of a measurement of airplanes and meteors I made using a radar system that I built with a few simple easily available pieces of hardware: two…

hackaday.com

May 27, 2024April 15, 2025

1962: Nuclear Radio Blast from Earth to the Stars: 10 billion times more powerful than the message from Arecibo for ET!

Did anyone hear us?

Just the calculations: https://www.academia.edu/127055674/Arecibo_vs_Tsar_Bomba

In 1974, the strongest intentional radio signal ever was sent into space by humans. It’s strength was an impressive 20 trillion watts. This is enough electricity to power 1.4 million homes for a year (Ref. 1). The Arecibo signal’s objective was to contact ET.

However, 12 years earlier, a considerably stronger radio signal was sent from Earth. The nuclear Russian Tsar Bomba burst in 1962 delivered 5.3 yotta watts of energy. (That bomb was not intended to contact ET, but rather to intimidate the United States).

We know that five percent of a nuclear explosion’s energy is discharged as radio waves – the Tsar Bomba therefore fired 13.25 billion times more energy than the Arecibo broadcast.

Atmospheric Effects
In a nuclear explosion at a height of approximately 3,962.4 meters, like the Tsar Bomba, a significant portion of electromagnetic radiation, including gamma rays, X-rays, and ultraviolet rays, would be released into space. The exact percentage can vary, but it is estimated that about 70-80% of the electromagnetic radiation would escape into space, as the atmosphere at this altitude is thin enough to allow much of the radiation to pass through.

Taking an average of 75% as a guide, the Tsar Bomba radio blast was approximately 10 billion times stronger than the Arecibo message. A difference of 10 orders of magnitude.

But ARECIBO send a targeted message towards Hercules
Now let’s take into account that the Arecibo dish sent out a concentrated radio signal, not just showering the sky at random with radio waves like a nuclear explosion does. The radio power from Arecibo was directed towards the region of Hercules.

The Hercules cluster is quite expansive and covers about 3% of the visible sky and this is the same as the total sky. If we adjust the power output from the Tsar Bomba to 3% we get the following result:

10 billion x 0.03 = 300 million
So, all in all, the Tsar Bomba emitted 300 million times more radio power towards Hercules than Arecibo. Now, let’s consider for one second that the Earth nuclear explosion sprayed the entire sky with a radio signal 300 million times more powerful than Arecibo… everywhere!

Any ET with a radio is much more likely to hear Earth’s nuclear detonations, before the Arecibo SETI signal—12 years before, to be exact. But the Arecibo message was actually never meant to provide a realistic chance of contacting ETi, right? It was just a technology demonstration: (Ref.: Wikipedia: Arecibo message.)

What do nuclear explosions tell ET about Earth?

Nuclear explosions are fairly drastic events. The radio signatures of nuclear explosions are distinct. They speak of intelligence and stupidity at the same time.

Worldwide, more than 2,000 nuclear bombs have detonated since 1945. This madness ended in 1962, with the biggest explosion of them all, the Tsar Bomba.

TRIANGLE

Nuclear Trinity Test site, alleged Roswell UAP crash site, Air Base of nuclear bomber Enola Gay
Google maps

I am intrigued by the close proximity of these three sites to each other:
The first nuclear explosion at the Trinity test site occurred in 1945 approximately 62 miles from the reported 1947 Roswell UFO crash site in New Mexico.

Roswell was the home of the Walker Air Force base for the Enola Gay bomber, which delivered the first nuclear payload used in war to Hiroshima in 1945. The base was close to the alleged Roswell UFO crash site.

The Roswell UFO crash is not something I “believe” in on a regular basis.

Time moves backward

Let’s suppose there exist advanced extraterrestrials that have discovered a way to travel faster than light. Most physicists agree that this is impossible. Because according to Einstein’s theory of relativity, travelling faster than light means that time moves backward.

What if, at this very moment, extraterrestrials residing on a star 62 light-years away from Earth received the Tsar bomb’s electromagnetic pulse (EMP) and chose to determine its source?

They construct an FTL ship and direct it toward the area where Earth was 62 years ago in space.

They arrive in 1962 and learn about Earth’s history, and decide to go back even further in time, to 1945, to prevent the nuclear holocaust in Japan.

The Trinity test site, the site of the first nuclear explosion on Earth, and Walker Air Force Base, the airfield from where the Enola Gay bomber aircraft launched its first run, were both selected as their target locations.

But their mission failed, and they crash-landed in 1947, too late to change history. Temporal space calculations are inherently tricky, it seems. And maybe the past can’t be changed to make a substantial difference.

I’m not saying that we should set off nuclear bombs to attract the attention of ET. Earth has already done that.

Do you think ET sees these explosions as a threat? Or that they interpreted these as humanities appeals for help, like shipwrecked sailors setting off flares in the night?

I think the latter is the case.

WHO IS THERE?
Today, in 2025, 63 years have passed since the detonation of the Tsar Bomba. The EMP signal has travelled outward from Earth at the speed of light since then. Since then, it has reached and passed by over 1500 stars. In a 63 light-year radius, we find hundreds of systems that have Earthlike planets. Within 32.6 light-years alone, there are 104 exoplanets listed, as confirmed by the NASA Exoplanet Archive.

We should find extraterrestrial life within 60 light-years, if Earth is average, professor claims
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-extraterrestrial-life-light-years-earth-average.html

We should not be astonished if someone comes to check us out; it is a possibility.

Calculations
PDF & Equations: https://www.academia.edu/127055674/Arecibo_message_power_vs_Tsar_Bomba_Calculation

References:

Ref. 1: Duke Energy, What can you do with one terawatt hour?
https://news.duke-energy.com/releases/duke-energy-customers-surpass-1-terawatt-of-energy-savings-through-my-home-energy-report-program

Data Science Lab, Tsar Bomba Strength
https://dlab.epfl.ch/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/t/Tsar_Bomba.htm

Effects of Nuclear Explosion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_nuclear_explosions

SETI ORG Arecibo Message
https://www.seti.org/seti-institute/project/details/arecibo-message

Yotta Watt converter
https://www.convertunits.com/from/yottawatt/to/terawatt

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January 29, 2025February 20, 2025

1977: The Year We Made Contact?

The year 1977 was a remarkable time for those fascinated by the possibility of extraterrestrial life. A series of events, both earthbound and celestial, captivated the imagination of people around the world. These events sparked a renewed interest in the search for life beyond our planet.

It began on August 15, 1977, when a strong, narrowband radio signal was detected by a radio telescope at Ohio State University. Dubbed the “Wow!” signal, it remains one of the most intriguing examples of an unexplained signal in the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI).

Just five days later, on August 20, 1977, NASA launched the first Voyager space probe. It carried a Golden Record containing sounds and images of Earth, intended as a message to any intelligent life form that might encounter it.

As the year progressed, the United Nations Assembly debated the existence of UFOs. A proposal to study the phenomenon was presented on October 6, 1977, as reported by The New York Times. This marked a significant moment in the history of UFO research. It brought the topic into the mainstream and sparked a global conversation about the possibility of extraterrestrial life.

The release of Steven Spielberg’s movie “Close Encounters of the Third Kind” on November 16, 1977, further fueled the public’s fascination with UFOs and alien life. The film’s depiction of a peaceful encounter between humans and extraterrestrials resonated with audiences. It helped to shape the cultural narrative around the topic. It’s iconic 5-note melody by John Williams is famous to this day.

But perhaps the most bizarre and unexplained event of the year occurred on November 26, 1977, when a strange broadcast interrupted a news program on ITN, a British television network. At 5:10 p.m. GMT, a deep buzzing sound replaced the audio. This was followed by a distorted voice claiming to be Vrillon, a representative of the Ashtar Galactic Command. The voice delivered a message of peace and wisdom, stating,

“For many years, you have seen us as lights in the skies. We speak to you now in peace and wisdom, as we have done to your brothers and sisters all over this, your planet Earth.”

While the “authenticity” of this broadcast remains a topic of debate, it has become a fascinating footnote in the history of UFO research.

The broadcast itself may have been achieved by technological hacks. Nevertheless, its 1977 message is thought-provoking and still valid today:

It speaks about the need for humanity to come together in peace and harmony to avoid disaster. The message also discusses entering a new age of enlightenment, referred to as the “New Age of Aquarius.” The speaker warns about the presence of false prophets and guides who may exploit people’s energy and resources. The message encourages listeners to be aware of their choices, to protect themselves, and to use their imagination to create a better world.

A well-researched podcast about the Southern Television Broadcast interruption is found here:

Archive: The Interruption | Stak

On 26th November 1977, a mysterious alien voice calling itself “Vrillon” broke onto the Five O’Clock News. Vrillon had a simple warning for the viewers of Southern Television: live in peace or leave the galaxy. For forty-five years, those responsible have not been identified. Tommie Trelawny has reopened the case.

Whether or not 1977 was truly a year of contact, it was undoubtedly a year that sparked a renewed interest in extraterrestrial life and intelligence. It continues to inspire scientific inquiry and popular fascination to this day.

October 22, 2024

Who created the Big Bang?

In the beginning, there was nothing—an infinite void, silent and dark, until an unimaginable explosion shattered the stillness. Join us on an exhilarating quest through the realms of science, philosophy, and the unknown as we seek to uncover the enigmatic force behind the Big Bang. Who created the Big Bang?