Why Aliens Would Mine Asteroids—Not Enslave Humans for Gold

A friendly, fact-based rebuttal to Zechariah Sitchin’s Anunnaki story

Asteroid Mining

1. Setting the Stage

In 1976, self-taught scholar Zechariah Sitchin published The 12th Planet, launching the idea that a race of extraterrestrials called the Anunnaki genetically engineered early humans to dig up Earth’s gold. The motive, he claimed, was to save the Anunnaki’s distant home world by dispersing that gold into their planet’s atmosphere.

Forty-plus years later the theory still floats around TikTok, YouTube, and late-night radio—but it stumbles over one gigantic 21st-century fact: asteroid mining is a far simpler, safer, and richer way to collect precious metals than forcing a brand-new species to do back-breaking labor on a heavy-gravity world.

Let’s walk through the real science and economics:


2. Gold in Space: A Galactic Free-for-All

  • A single metallic asteroid just 1 kilometer across can hold more platinum-group metals than have ever been mined on Earth. (Mining the sky)
  • NASA’s Psyche mission, launched 13 October 2023, is headed toward 16 Psyche—an asteroid thought to be 60 percent iron and nickel, with traces of gold and platinum worth an estimated \$10,000 quadrillion (that’s a 1 followed by 19 zeros).
  • The asteroid belt, located between Mars and Jupiter, contains millions of these metallic bodies, all drifting in vacuum with essentially zero atmospheric drag.

In short, space is swimming in easy-to-reach metals. Why would any advanced species bother landing on a planet, fighting 9.8 m/s² of gravity, and supervising rebellious primates?


3. Physics 101: Hauling Ore Where Gravity Is Tiny

Earth’s escape velocity—how fast you must go to break free of our planet—is 11.2 km/s. From a typical near-Earth asteroid it’s often < 1 m/s.

If you want to launch one ton of gold off Earth, you need a gigantic rocket and a lot of fuel. If you want to launch that same ton from a small asteroid, you can throw it with the force of a good fastball.

Low gravity equals low cost. Any civilization capable of interstellar travel would recognize that.

Low Gravity = Low Cost

4. Tech We Already Have (and Tech We’re Building)

  1. Prospecting:
    • Tiny “CubeSats” like NEA Scout carry telescopes and spectrometers to identify metal-rich candidates.
    • Commercial start-ups—Astroforge and Asteroid Mining Corporation—have filed dozens of patents on micro-probes that can swarm an asteroid and map its composition.
  2. Excavation:
    • The European Space Agency’s Hera mission will test robotic drills and anchoring harpoons in 2026.
    Autonomous “mole” robots can tunnel without human presence, solving the classic “who holds the shovel?” problem.
  3. Processing and Transport:
    • A solar furnace can melt ore directly in vacuum—no atmosphere means no heat loss.
    Electromagnetic rail guns or rotating tethers could fling sealed metal ingots to pre-set orbits, no rockets required.

If humans in 2024 are prototyping these systems, imagine what a million-year-old species could do.


5. The Economics: It’s a No-Brainer

  • Cost to lift 1 kg from Earth to low orbit: ≈ \$3,000 with today’s SpaceX Falcon 9 rates (and that’s the cheapest option).
  • Cost to lift 1 kg from a small asteroid to low-Earth orbit: estimated at \$30–\$50—almost two orders of magnitude cheaper once the infrastructure is deployed.

Yes, asteroid mining demands an upfront investment, but an advanced civilization likely thinks on geological time scales. Training, feeding, and controlling a population of brand-new hominids for thousands of years? That’s a management nightmare—and a wildly risky business model.


6. What About the Ancient Texts?

Sitchin claimed that Sumerian cuneiform tablets describe the Anunnaki’s gold quest. Modern Assyriologists disagree:

  • The tablets can be read in standard Akkadian and Sumerian; they mention no alien planets, no genetic labs, and no gold shortage.
  • Sitchin’s translations often swap syllables or invent words that don’t exist in Mesopotamian lexicons.

In archaeology, extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. No skeletons of alien “foremen,” no laser-cut mines, no hybrid-human DNA patterns have ever turned up.


7. The Science-Fiction Counterpoint

The idea of asteroid mining isn’t new; authors imagined it long before 1976:

  • 1898 – Garrett P. Serviss, Edison’s Conquest of Mars
  • 1952 – Robert A. Heinlein, The Rolling Stones
  • 1963 – Poul Anderson, Tales of the Flying Mountains

Sitchin was actually less imaginative than turn-of-the-century pulp writers. Even the fictional Martians in 1898 skipped planet-based slave labor and went straight for the asteroids.

Asteroid Psyche may have been once the nickel-iron core of a small planet. It’s about as wide as Massachusetts. Credit: Screenshot courtesy of NASA

8. Counter-Rebuttals You Might Hear

“Maybe the Anunnaki needed Earth’s specific isotopic mix of gold.”
• Isotopes of gold are created in supernovae and neutron-star mergers; the mix is uniform across the solar system. An asteroid and Earth gold are chemically identical.

“Couldn’t gravity assist from Earth make shipping easier?”
• Gravity assists don’t change the fact that launching from Earth costs huge fuel. From an asteroid you can hoist the cargo and glide it inward using solar sails.

“Slaves are cheap energy.”
• Not in biology: you must provide food, water, housing, and medical care—or lose productivity. Robots run on sunlight, don’t revolt, and can be shut off at night.


9. Where the Real Evidence Points

  • We’ve already retrieved asteroid samples with JAXA’s Hayabusa2 and NASA’s OSIRIS-REx. Both missions confirmed rich inventories of iron, nickel, cobalt, and precious metals.
  • In 2022 the U.S. government added asteroid mining to its Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act, granting companies legal rights over what they collect. Politicians aren’t prone to passing laws about impossible ideas.
  • Global investment firms like Morgan Stanley estimate the space-resource market could hit \$1 trillion annually by 2040. No mention of Anunnaki labor plans in those reports.

10. Big Picture: What Would Aliens Actually Want?

Advanced civilizations likely value data, energy, and survivability far more than physical gold. Precious metals matter for circuitry and catalysts, but those are means to an end: building robust interstellar infrastructure. The fastest route to those metals is—again—low-gravity, high-concentration asteroids.

If ETs ever swing through our neighborhood, they’d probably:

  1. Scan for suitable rocks using telescopes and spectral analysis.
  2. Dispatch autonomous harvesters.
  3. Haul refined ingots home or to an orbital manufacturing hub.

Humans, meanwhile, might not even notice—just as fish in the Pacific rarely notice when a cargo ship passes overhead.


11. Conclusion (TL;DR)

Aliens don’t need human gold miners. The physics is against it, the economics is against it, and the archaeological record is silent on it. In contrast, asteroid mining is easy, efficient, and already on humanity’s near-term roadmap.

So the next time a social-media video pops up claiming we’re the product of an ancient cosmic HR department, remember:

  1. Zero-gravity rocks beat high-gravity planets.
  2. Robots beat reluctant bipeds.
  3. Evidence beats speculation.

And if you still crave a story about aliens digging holes on Earth, pick up a vintage sci-fi paperback—you’ll get better plots and fewer translation errors.


Further Reading

Happy space-prospecting—no pickaxe or alien overlord required.

Science fiction that features asteroid mining before Zechariah Sitchin’s “12th Planet”:

1898: Garrett P. Serviss’s Edison’s Conquest of Mars, which was endorsed by Thomas Edison himself, depicts Martians mining asteroids for gold. This is considered one of the earliest examples of asteroid mining in science fiction.

1932: The pulp era saw the rise of asteroid mining as a popular theme. For instance, Murray Leinster’s short story “Miners in the Sky” appeared in Astounding Stories.

1952: Robert A. Heinlein’s juvenile novel The Rolling Stones (also known as Space Family Stone in 1969) portrays the asteroid belt as a new “Gold Rush” frontier with prospectors seeking radioactive ores.

1953: Isaac Asimov’s Lucky Starr and the Pirates of the Asteroids (written under the pseudonym Paul French) features asteroid mining as a key element of the story.

1963-1965: Poul Anderson’s episodic novel Tales of the Flying Mountains, published in Analog magazine (and later as a fix-up in 1970), traces the development of an asteroid mining culture.

The WOW! signal, Part 1: Not made by humans?

Dawn at Big Ear, Ohio State University, http://bigear.org

At a quarter past ten in the evening on August 15, 1977
a once-in-a-lifetime event took place in Delaware: a signal known as the Wow! signal arrived.

A very strong signal arrived at the “Big Ear” radio telescope. It had all the characteristics of having come from an extraterrestrial intelligent source.

The OSU Big Ear radio observatory was aligned in North/South direction. The parabolic reflector is in the South.

No one was at the telescope at the time. The receiver and telescope computer were doing their jobs all by themselves. Therefore, the signal was actually first detected by a machine, a twelve-year-old computer.

BITS OF INFORMATION
The IBM 1130 had first been built in 1965. It looked and felt like an old battleship. It had only 1 megabyte of memory. For that reason, the only record of the radio signal is a 6-digit printout on endless paper. There’s no audio recording of the signal. Today we would have a complete audio recording of it, measuring megabytes, if not gigabytes. But in those days, just six characters on paper had to suffice as a record.

After a few days, the stack of computer printouts from the Selectric printer was bundled by Big Ear technician Gene Mikesell and brought to Jerry Ehman’s home.

Press to stop printing. An IBM 1130 printer, this was the type used at the Big Ear radio-telescope in 1977.

THE ANALYSIS
Jerry Ehman was a SETI volunteer with Ohio State University. Together with Bob Dixon, he had written the software for the Big Ear computer in FORTRAN and assembler.

Around the 19th of August, Jerry began analyzing the printouts from the radio telescope at his home, looking for unusual radio signatures.

A few pages into the pile of paper, he saw a peculiar sequence of numbers and characters.

He was astonished. After highlighting in red pen the six characters “6EQUJ5,” Jerry wrote the notation “Wow!” in the left margin of the computer printout opposite them.

The Wow! signal printout

The characters and numbers denoted a powerful narrow-band transmission. Apparently it had come from outer space. Narrowband transmissions usually don’t occur naturally and are a sign of artificial origin.

Conventionally speaking, all artificial things are made by humans. That’s because human language, and the Cambridge Dictionary, defines “artificial” as “made by humans.” That definition may have to be revised.

OPTIMUM CHANNEL
The Wow! transmission had all the hallmarks of a radio signal from a non-human extraterrestrial civilization. In the 1959 article “Searching for Interstellar Communications,” Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison explained that using the 21 cm hydrogen frequency was a logical choice for SETI.

And that was precisely the frequency of the Wow! signal. It had come from the direction in the sky where the constellation Sagittarius is found. 

The Big Ear radio and computer shack.

If we transfer the number codes from the Wow! printout to plotting paper, we can see the waxing and waning strength of the 1420 MHz radio beam that reached the radio telescope. Each of the letters and numbers corresponds to a certain signal intensity, as the next graph illustrates.

The signal may have been transmitting for centuries and was never detected because no one looked for it before. The signal source did not move in the sky. The only thing that moved over for 72 seconds was the Earth, rotating majestically from East to West as the radio receiver moved in and out of the signal beam.

And then the signal vanished. Gone. The signal would have been picked up again by the second horn antenna of Big Ear. But it was no longer there.

The rise and fall of the signal we see in the graph above was due to the antenna pattern; the signal itself remained at constant strength.

The graph below shows a similar signal pattern in “OV-221,” an X-Ray radio source to the right of the Wow! signal on this graph.

In this broadband continuum record the Wow! signal does not show up because it is too narrow-band.

After Jerry Ehman showed the computer printout of the Wow! signal to John Kraus and Bob Dixon, they immediately talked about it, speculating and making hypotheses. Quickly, John and Bob began to investigate the various possibilities.

Dr. John Kraus was a physicist and the designer of the Big Ear radio telescope. He actually invented several types of radio antennas.

Bob Dixon was the director of SETI at the Ohio State University radio telescope.

Together they excluded the possibility of the signal having been a plane, planet, asteroid, comet, satellite, spacecraft, ground-based transmitter, or any other known natural source.

Now, since the Wow! signal appeared to be unnatural and no known human cause for it could be found, it was suspected that it could have come from a technological alien civilization.

It was decided to go back to the region in space where the signal had come to see if it could be found again. The scientific method calls for the reproducibility of any experiment or result.

Weeks turned to months, and years into decades, as astronomers from all over the world searched the region in space where the Wow! signal had been detected.

The Wow! signal was never found again.

Calculations on the space region of the Wow! signal

Image by The Planetary Society, license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/

The Wow! signal was observed for 72 seconds. In this time a region of space equivalent to 18 arcminutes was scanned, according to the following calculations:

24h x 60 min = 1440 mins/day = 86400 sec
360° / 86400 = 0.0041° per second
72 seconds = 0.3°

An arcminute (denoted by the symbol ‘), is an angular measurement equal to 1/60 of a degree or 60 arcseconds. To convert a degree measurement to a minute of arc measurement, we multiply the angle by the conversion ratio.

The angle in minutes of arc is equal to the degrees multiplied by 60:
0.3 x 60 = 18 arcminutes.

As seen from the Earth, the Sun and Moon both have angular diameters of about 30 arcminutes. The full moon’s average apparent size is about 31 arcminutes (or 0.52°).

In other words, the Wow! signal spanned an area of about half the size of the Sun or the Moon, as seen from Earth in the sky. That is a rather large area in astronomy.

On the basis of this simple calculation, I cannot readily agree that the Wow! signal came from a pointlike source. That may or may not be a problem. It can be resolved by agreeing that the resolution of the Big Ear radio telescope was not any better!

The frequency and speed of the Wow! signal source

It’s assumed that aliens that use the hydrogen frequency do so in a manner to compensate for the motion of their planet with respect to the motion of Earth. Otherwise, the precise frequency of the hydrogen becomes higher or lower.

That’s why it’s important to look at the precise frequency of the signal.

John Kraus, the director of the observatory, gave a frequency value of 1420.3556 MHz in his 1994 summary written for Carl Sagan.

Jerry Ehman in 1998 gave a value of 1420.4556±0.005 MHz. 

This is (50±5 kHz) above the hydrogen line value of 1420.4058 MHz.

Only one of those frequencies could be the correct one. The explanation of the difference between Ehman’s and Kraus’s values was that a new oscillator had been ordered for the frequency of 1450.4056 MHz.

The university’s purchasing department then made a typographical error in the order and wrote 1450.5056 MHz instead of 1450.4056 MHz. The software used in the experiment was then written to adjust for this error. When Ehman computed the frequency of the Wow! signal, he took this error into account.


After all errors are accounted for, the Doppler shift of 1420.4556 MHz indicates that the Wow! signal source moved at a speed of 37,893 km/h towards Earth. The following calculations show how I arrived at that speed:

Calculations on the Doppler shift of the Wow! signal

The Wow! signal was detected at 1420.4556 MHz. First we need to convert the frequency to the wavelength. The wavelength is given by the frequency and the speed of light, how far one wave crest travels in a given time span.

Frequency to wavelength calculator:
https://www.everythingrf.com/rf-calculators/frequency-to-wavelength

The frequency of the Wow! signal 1420.4556 MHz is equal to a wavelength of (Δλ) 21.105373 cm. That’s the distance between each wave crest.

The presumed origin signal of hydrogen has a precise frequency of 1420405751.768 Hz, equivalent to the wavelength of (λ) 21.106114054160 cm. Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_line

The Doppler shift speed from delta lambda and lambda = 299 781 932.02409 m/sec. https://www.vcalc.com/wiki/sspickle/speed+from+delta+lambda+and+lambda

Now we subtract
299 781 932.02409 m/sec
[Doppler shifted Wow! signal speed from v = (Δλ/λ) * c]
-299 792 458 m/sec [ speed of light (c)]
______________________

10 526 m/sec = 37 893 km/h or 10.526 km/sec.

Ref. 1: The source of the Wow! signal approached Earth at a speed of 37 893 km/h or 23 545 mph, if the transmission frequency was from hydrogen.

The average speed of asteroids is 18-20 km/s vs. the 10.52 km/s from the Wow! signal. Comets that impact Earth usually are also faster, at 30 km/s.

End of part 1.

Now read The WOW! Signal, Part 2:
Evidence Suggests Origin from Unknown Object, Moving Towards Earth


Follow this story and more on

https://contactproject.org
A proposal to make radio contact with UAPs/UFOs

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Exploring the Cosmos: How Extraterrestrial Life Could Enrich Religious Beliefs

“The Implications of the Discovery of Extraterrestrial Life for Religion.”, Ted F. Peters 2011, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A
This is a summary written by Erich Habich-Traut for the Contact Project, 2021

Three crosses on a hill at sunset. Free Church of Scotland, Reverend Sandy Sutherland, used with permission

The implications of the discovery of extraterrestrial life for religion. Theologian Ted Peters wrote about the future of religion. He asked the following questions:

Will confirmation of extra-terrestrial intelligence (ETi) cause terrestrial religion to collapse?

Ted Peters decided to challenge conventional wisdom a few years ago. Along with his Berkeley research assistant, Julie Louise Froehlig, he devised a survey: the Peters ETI Religious Crisis Survey:

Would the discovery of an extraterrestrial civilization cause a crisis in religious beliefs? Peters surveyed evangelical, Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians, and also Mormons, Jews, Buddhists, and Atheists:

‘No’ is the answer based upon a summary of the ‘Peters ETI Religious Crisis Survey.’ The discovery of an extraterrestrial civilization would not cause a crisis in religious beliefs.

When we turn away from one’s own personal beliefs and ask respondents to forecast what will happen to the world’s religions, including beliefs other than one’s own, something startling is revealed:

What the survey question above shows is the conventional wisdom of non-religious persons. They make a prediction about what will happen to religious persons: Atheists believe that religions will face a crisis.

Conversely, the Peters survey shows evidence that religious believers themselves do not fear that contact with ETI will undercut their beliefs or precipitate a religious crisis.

Then the paper examines four specific challenges to traditional doctrinal belief likely to be raised at the detection of ETI:

(ii) What is the scope of God’s creation?
This entire universe can be viewed as the product of God’s creative power and loving grace.

(iii) What will be the moral character of the alien intelligences we meet?
Will our extra-terrestrial neighbours be subject to sin? Will they have fallen, so to speak? Or, might the aliens have escaped the scourges that plague us here on Earth?

(iv) Is one earthly incarnation in Jesus Christ enough for the entire cosmos, or should we expect multiple incarnations on multiple planets?
What theologians agree on is that the incarnation we have witnessed within our own planetary history is that of the divine Logos, the divine mind through which everything in physical reality has come into being. They presume continuity between this incarnation and whatever exists despite its distance from us. 

(v) Will contact with more advanced ETI diminish human dignity?
Suppose we Earthlings begin to recognize that we are outclassed by our superior space neighbors. Might we lose our dignity?

“Hand Of God”, NASA

The existence of a more advanced extrasolar civilization does not preclude our being an object of divine concern. Contact with alien intelligence will not disenfranchise us from being created in God’s image.

The belief that God has revealed himself in a supreme way, frees one to look for that which is of God outside that particular revelation. Christians should expect to learn new things about God from an encounter with aliens.

Conclusion
Contrary to popular belief, it is implausible to predict that any of Earth’s major religious traditions will face a crisis, let alone collapse, if we confirm an encounter with extraterrestrial intelligence.

Ted Peters believes that contact with extraterrestrial intelligence will expand the existing religious vision that all of creation—including the 13.7 billion-year history of the universe replete with all of God’s creatures—is the gift of a loving and gracious God.


Reference:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: https://www.academia.edu/14721074/_The_Implications_of_the_discovery_of_extra_terrestrial_life_for_religion_Royal_Society_presentation_and_article

Ted Peters biography:
http://mttaborslc.org/ted-peters

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