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Superluminal: The Discovery Of Faster-Than-Light Brainwaves: An illustrated journey

PREFACE

May 31, 2016: If an object nears the speed of light its measured length decreases (relatively speaking).

When did it all begin? It’s very challenging to tell. Imagine living a relatively simple life where things happen one by one, without apparent connection or purpose, and then… suddenly, everything falls into place; you have an epiphany.

On a sunny August 25th, 2023, I sat as usual at the breakfast bar of Sunset House, overlooking Souda Bay on Crete. I’d seen an interesting headline on my laptop. It was from a dry scientific paper by Galinsky and Frank, that spoke about “possible synchronizing effects of evanescent waves in the brain.”

They called their theory “WETCOW,” for “weakly evanescent cortical waves.” Most people would not think twice about such a headline, at best chuckling at the image of a dripping wet cow. At least, that’s what I did.

But then I connected the dots. Evanescent waves, the topic of the WETCOW paper, meant superluminal brainwaves. And that would be a game-changer:

WHEN I MET EVANESCENT WAVES, THE FIRST TIME
I recall the day in 1999 with renowned physicist Prof. Dr. Gunter Nimtz, at his lab at Cologne University. It was Thursday, the ninth of September. The whole wing of the university has since been demolished for a prettier building that will be demolished again in a few decades to make room for a prettier building. In Cambrige, they have a better sense of history.

Anyhow, Nimtz is famous for his controversial experiments in faster-than-light communications. I heard about him from a magazine article.

I called Nimtz up and made an appointment for a demonstration. Nimtz agreed and repeated the experiment for me, and I recorded it on film.

The experiment consists of directing microwaves at a quantum tunnel, a prism in the experiment I saw; this creates information carrying faster-than-light radiowaves. These waves arise from superluminal quantum effects.

And this demonstration has stayed with me ever since. It was the basis of my trying to find a solution to overcome the “no-communication theorem.” That is a theory that states that in the macroscopic world, quantum entanglement can’t ever be used for faster-than-light communication.

WHEN I MET EVANESCENT WAVES, THE SECOND TIME
After reading the WETCOW paper, it hit me: the presence of evanescent waves meant that there are superluminal brainwaves. Propably most neurologists, who are specialists on brainwaves, don’t make that connection since it’s outside their field of expertise.

And no physicist will jump up and shout, “I have discovered brainwaves faster than light!” because that’s outside their field of expertise, too.

Evanescent waves are the result of superluminal quantum effects, which I’ve been exploring for almost 25 years. after attending that demonstration in a different context: that of superluminal communications with advanced extraterrestrial civilizations.

SUPERLUMINAL WAVES IN THE BRAIN
But it dawned on me now (or then), in August 2023, that instead of bridging interstellar distances with radio waves, which is beyond our current ability, these waves readily bridge microscopic distances between neurons in the brain, every day, in every sentient being, everywhere. And not just on Earth, if we presume that WE ARE NOT THE ONLY INTELLIGENT SPECIES IN THE COSMOS.

THINKING CAN BRIDGE DISTANCES
Faster-than-light brainwaves not only explain the immense processing speed of the human brain. The quantum tunneling characteristic of these waves, which previously were described as mere “noise,” connects them to an almost magical zero- / one-dimensional space, that knows neither time nor distance, without separation between past, future, or places.

Whenever a particle or wave hits a barrier, evanescent waves are created by zero-time quantum tunneling. Is this the source of Albert Einstein’s “spooky action at a distance,” the interference from evanescent waves on entangled particles that instantaneously bridge millions of lightyears?

The simplicity of the solution is staggering; it can be explained to small children, but the complexity and breadth of the consequences are not less for its simplicity.

TIME TRAVEL FROM YOUR ARMCHAIR?
Is it possible to travel back in time and into the future, from your armchair, and change history just by thinking about it? As yet impossible in the macrocosm of daily existence, this can be done to a certain extent in the realm of the infinitely small, the quantum realm in your brain.

CONTACT WITH EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE?
Also, if entanglement exists and brainwaves bring information from a unified dimension of cosmic consciousness via the quantum tunnel, can we make contact with extraterrestrial intelligence? Will the result of this inquiry be like in Carl Sagan’s novel “Contact,” where no tangible evidence could be produced for the sceptics after Eleanor Arroway’s trip? Let’s find out…

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The Wow! Signal: Evidence Suggests Origin from Unknown Object, Moving Towards Earth

This is “Not Made By Humans? | Part 2”, (2025)

Illustration (not a real photo)

Just the facts:
PDF: Doppler Blueshift Calculations for WOW! signal (1977): download here | Discussion on the paper: Academia.edu

Preamble

In 2022, Part 1 of the story about the Wow! signal was published. I wondered for the longest time why I left the possibility open for a “Part 2,” instead of just writing “The End.”

It’s now become clear that Part 2 is essential because it includes an important detail that was missing before: EQUATIONS!

Anyone can write anything, but without mathematical equations, it’s just prose. So, here, now, for anyone to check, are the steps required to verify the movement of the Wow! signal towards Earth at 10.526 km/s in 1977.

This truly represents a significant paradigm shift. Previously, the Wow! signal was just the most plausible and only candidate for a radio transmission of non-human extraterrestrial origin in space. Now it is shown that this signal was moving and en route to Earth.

Whatever this means (We Are Not Alone?), it is remarkable that the Doppler calculations on this signal have never been published before. Did the authorities believe it would cause a panic? Let’s find out.

Introduction

The Wow! signal has been the strongest and only serious candidate for ETi radio communication for almost half a century. New calculations support that the Wow! signal may have originated from a moving source heading for Earth, adding to its significance in the search for extraterrestrial life.

The text describes the Wow! signal, a strong radio transmission detected by the Big Ear telescope on August 15, 1977, at a frequency of 1420.4556 MHz, which corresponds to a wavelength of 21.105373 cm. The signal’s expected frequency, based on hydrogen, is 1420405751.768 Hz, translating to a wavelength of 21.106114054160 cm. The Doppler shift calculations yield a speed of approximately 10,526 m/sec (37,893 km/h), suggesting that the signal originated from an object approaching Earth. Shown here are the steps to calculate the Doppler shift speed. For context, the average speed of asteroids is around 18–20 km/s, while comets that impact Earth typically travel at about 30 km/s. In comparison, the human-made Voyager spacecraft 1 and 2 are currently traveling at speeds of 15 to 17 km/s.

In conclusion, the Wow! signal appears to have originated from an unknown type of moving object that was en route to Earth at a speed of 10.5 km/s, as indicated by observations and these calculations.

Investigations of the Wow! signal to date have not explained the significant Doppler shift of the signal. The Doppler blueshift lessens the possibility of the signal having originated in a “hydrogen cloud.”

Doppler Shift Calculations for Wow! signal (1977), Page 1
Doppler Shift Calculations for Wow! signal (1977), Page 2

PS: I would not have been able to verify my calculations if it hadn’t been for AI. No human mathematician or astrophysicist had responded to my request in 2022 for verification or telling me I was wrong. Shame on you all. There’ll be a new category for reviews of scientific papers: “AI”, alongside “Peers”.

References:

1: Doppler Shift Calculations for Wow! signal (1977)
https://www.academia.edu/126982728/The_Wow_Signal_Doppler_Shift_Equations

2: ”The tantalizing WOW! Signal” by John Kraus, 1977, Archives of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, https://www.nrao.edu/archives/files/original/2ec6ba346ab16e10a10d09462507beda.pdf

3. Not Made By Humans? Part 2 / The Wow! Signal: Evidence Suggests Origin from Unknown Object, Moving Towards Earth
https://www.academia.edu/126983022/Not_Made_By_Humans_Part_2_The_Wow_Signal_Evidence_Suggests_Origin_from_Unknown_Object_Moving_Towards_Earth

4. Original publication:
Not made by humans? | Part 1, February 5, 2022, Contact Project
https://contactproject.org/?p=779

5. Searching for Interstellar Communications
by Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison
https://web.archive.org/web/20110403061008/http://www.coseti.org/morris_0.htm

6. An approximation to determine the source of the WOW! Signal
Alberto Caballero
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.06090

7. Wow! signal, Wikipedia
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow!_signal

8. “Ballad of the ‘Wow!’ Signal”, Paul H. Shuch, SETI League
http://drseti.org/audio/wow.mp3

PDF: The Doppler Blueshift Calculations for WOW! signal (1977):
download here

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Not made by humans? | Part 1

Dawn at Big Ear, Ohio State University, http://bigear.org

At a quarter past ten in the evening on August 15, 1977
a once-in-a-lifetime event took place in Delaware:

a very strong signal arrived at the “Big Ear” radio telescope. It had all the characteristics of having come from an extraterrestrial intelligent source.

The OSU Big Ear radio observatory was aligned in North/South direction. The parabolic reflector is in the South.

No-one was at the telescope at the time. The receiver and telescope computer were doing their jobs all by themselves. Therefore, the signal was actually first detected by a machine, a twelve year old computer.

BITS OF INFORMATION
The IBM 1130 had first been built in 1965. it looked and felt like an old battleship. It had only 1 megabyte of memory. For that reason the only record of the radio signal is a 6 digit printout on endless paper. There’s no audio recording of the signal. Today we would have a complete audio recording of it, measuring mega- if not gigabytes. But in those days, just six characters on paper had to suffice as a record.

After a few days the stack of computer printouts was bundled by Big Ear technician Gene Mikesell and brought to Jerry Ehman’s home.

THE ANALYSIS
Jerry Ehman was a SETI volunteer with the Ohio State University. Together with Bob Dixon he had written the software for the Big Ear computer in FORTRAN and assembler.

Around the 19th of August Jerry began analyzing the printouts from the radio telescope at his home, looking for unusual radio signatures.

A few pages into the pile of paper he saw a peculiar sequence of numbers and characters.

He was astonished. After highlighting in red pen the six characters “6EQUJ5” Jerry wrote the notation “Wow!” in the left margin of the computer printout opposite them.

The Wow! signal printout

The characters and numbers denoted a very strong narrow-band transmission. Apparently it had come from outer space. Narrow-band transmissions usually don’t occur naturally and are a sign of artificial origin.

Conventionally speaking, all artificial things are made by humans. That’s because human language and the Cambridge Dictionary defines “artificial” as “made by humans”. That definition may have to be revised.

OPTIMUM CHANNEL
The Wow! transmission had all the hallmarks of a radio signal from a non-human extraterrestrial civilization. In the 1959 article “Searching for Interstellar Communications” Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison explained that using the 21 cm hydrogen frequency was a logical choice for SETI.

And that was precisely the frequency of the Wow! signal. It had come from the direction in the sky were the constellation Sagittarius is found. 

The Big Ear radio and computer shack.

If we transfer the number codes from the Wow! printout to plotting paper we can see the waxing and waning strength of the 1420 mHz radio beam that reached the radio telescope. Each of the letters and numbers corresponds to a certain signal intensity, as the next graph illustrates.

The signal may have been transmitting for centuries and was never detected because no one looked for it before. The signal source did not move in the sky. The only thing that moved over for 72 seconds was the Earth, rotating majestically from East to West as the radio receiver moved in and out of the signal beam.

And then the signal vanished. Gone. The signal would have been picked up again by the second horn antenna of Big Ear. But it was no longer there.

The rise and fall of the signal we see in the graph above was due to the antenna pattern, the signal itself remained at constant strength.

The graph below shows a similar signal pattern in “OV-221”, the radio source to the right of the Wow! signal. (OV-221 is also known as MSH 19–203 (Mills Slee Hill Radio Sources)).

In this broadband continuum record the Wow! signal does not show up because it is too narrow-band.

Today I’m waiting to hear if OV-221 corresponds to the center of the Milky Way galaxy , Sagittarius A*, but no-one seems to know the old radio source designations anymore.

After Jerry Ehman showed the computer printout of the Wow! signal to John Kraus and Bob Dixon, they immediately talked about it, speculating and making hypotheses. Quickly, John and Bob began to investigate the various possibilities.

Dr. John Kraus was a physicist and the designer of the Big Ear radio telescope. He actually invented several types of radio antennas.

Bob Dixon was the director of SETI at Ohio State University radio telescope.

Together they excluded the possibility of the signal having been a plane, planet, asteroid, comet, satellite, space craft, ground based transmitter, or any other known natural source.

Now, since the Wow! signal appeared to be unnatural and no known human cause for it could be found, it was suspected that it could have come from a technological alien civilisation.

It was decided to go back to the region in space were the signal had come to see if it could be found again. The scientific method calls for reproducibility of any experiment or result.

Weeks turned to months, and years into decades as astronomers from all over the world searched the region in space were the Wow! signal had been detected.

The Wow! signal was never found again.

Calculations on the space region of the Wow! signal

Image by The Planetary Society, license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/

The Wow! signal was observed for 72 seconds. In this time a region of space equivalent to 18 arcminutes was scanned, according to the following calculations:

24h x 60 min = 1440 mins/day = 86400 sec
360° / 86400 = 0.0041° per second
72 seconds = 0.3°

An arcminute (denoted by the symbol ‘), is an angular measurement equal to 1/60 of a degree or 60 arcseconds. To convert a degree measurement to a minute of arc measurement, we multiply the angle by the conversion ratio.

The angle in minutes of arc is equal to the degrees multiplied by 60:
0.3 x 60 = 18 arcminutes.

As seen from the Earth, the Sun and Moon both have angular diameters of about 30 arcminutes. The full moon’s average apparent size is about 31 arcminutes (or 0.52°).

In other words, the Wow! signal spanned an area of about half the size of the Sun or the Moon, as seen from Earth in the sky. That is a rather large area in astronomy.

On the basis of this simple calculation I cannot readily agree that the Wow! signal came from a pointlike source. That may or may not be a problem. It can be resolved by agreeing that the resolution of the Big Ear radio telescope was not any better!

The frequency and speed of the Wow! signal source

It’s assumed that aliens that use the hydrogen frequency do so in a manner to compensate for the motion of their planet with respect to the motion of Earth. Otherwise the precise frequency of the hydrogen becomes higher or lower.

That’s why it’s important to look at the precise frequency of the signal.

John Kraus, the director of the observatory, gave a frequency value of 1420.3556 MHz in his 1994 summary written for Carl Sagan.

Jerry Ehman in 1998 gave a value of 1420.4556±0.005 MHz. 

This is (50±5 kHz) above the hydrogen line value of 1420.4058 MHz.

Only one of those frequencies could be the correct one. The explanation of the difference between Ehman’s and Kraus’s values was that a new oscillator had been ordered for the frequency of 1450.4056 MHz.

The university’s purchasing department then made a typographical error in the order and wrote 1450.5056 MHz instead of 1450.4056 MHz. The software used in the experiment was then written to adjust for this error. When Ehman computed the frequency of the Wow! signal, he took this error into account.


After all errors are accounted for, the Doppler shift of 1420.4556 MHz indicates that the Wow! signal source moved at a speed of 37 893 km/h towards Earth. The following calculations show how I arrived at that speed:

Calculations on the Doppler shift of the Wow! signal

The Wow! signal was detected at 1420.4556 MHz. First we need to convert the frequency to the wavelength. The wavelength is given by the frequency and the speed of light, how far one wave crest travels in a given time span.

Frequency to wavelength calculator:
https://www.everythingrf.com/rf-calculators/frequency-to-wavelength

The frequency of the Wow! signal 1420.4556 MHz is equal to a wavelength of (Δλ) 21.105373 cm. That’s the distance between each wave crest.

The presumed origin signal of hydrogen has a precise frequency of 1420405751.768 Hz, equivalent to the wavelength of (λ) 21.106114054160 cm. Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_line

The doppler shift speed from delta lambda and lambda = 299 781 932.02409 m/sec. https://www.vcalc.com/wiki/sspickle/speed+from+delta+lambda+and+lambda

Now we subtract
299 781 932.02409 m/sec
[Doppler shifted Wow! signal speed from v = (Δλ/λ) * c]
-299 792 458 m/sec [ speed of light (c)]
______________________

10 526 m/sec = 37 893 km/h or 10.526 km/sec.

Ref. 1: The source of the Wow! signal approached Earth at a speed of 37 893 km/h or 23 545 mph, if the transmission frequency was from hydrogen.

The average speed of asteroids is 18 – 20 km/s vs the 10.52 km/s from the Wow! signal. Comets that impact Earth usually are also faster, at 30 km/s.

End of part 1.

Follow this story and more on

https://contactproject.org
A proposal to make radio contact with UAPs/UFOs

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1962: Nuclear Radio Blast from Earth to the Stars: 10 billion times more powerful than the message from Arecibo for ET!


Did anyone hear us?

Just the calculations: https://www.academia.edu/127055674/Arecibo_vs_Tsar_Bomba

In 1974, the strongest intentional radio signal ever was sent into space by humans. It’s strength was an impressive 20 trillion watts. This is enough electricity to power 1.4 million homes for a year (Ref. 1). The Arecibo signal’s objective was to contact ET.

However, 12 years earlier, a considerably stronger radio signal was sent from Earth. The nuclear Russian Tsar Bomba burst in 1962 delivered 5.3 yotta watts of energy. (That bomb was not intended to contact ET, but rather to intimidate the United States).

We know that five percent of a nuclear explosion’s energy is discharged as radio waves – the Tsar Bomba therefore fired 13.25 billion times more energy than the Arecibo broadcast.

Atmospheric Effects
In a nuclear explosion at a height of approximately 3,962.4 meters, like the Tsar Bomba, a significant portion of electromagnetic radiation, including gamma rays, X-rays, and ultraviolet rays, would be released into space. The exact percentage can vary, but it is estimated that about 70-80% of the electromagnetic radiation would escape into space, as the atmosphere at this altitude is thin enough to allow much of the radiation to pass through.

Taking an average of 75% as a guide, the Tsar Bomba radio blast was approximately 10 billion times stronger than the Arecibo message. A difference of 10 orders of magnitude.

But ARECIBO send a targeted message towards Hercules
Now let’s take into account that the Arecibo dish sent out a concentrated radio signal, not just showering the sky at random with radio waves like a nuclear explosion does. The radio power from Arecibo was directed towards the region of Hercules.

The Hercules cluster is quite expansive and covers about 3% of the visible sky and this is the same as the total sky. If we adjust the power output from the Tsar Bomba to 3% we get the following result:

10 billion x 0.03 = 300 million
So, all in all, the Tsar Bomba emitted 300 million times more radio power towards Hercules than Arecibo. Now, let’s consider for one second that the Earth nuclear explosion sprayed the entire sky with a radio signal 300 million times more powerful than Arecibo… everywhere!

Any ET with a radio is much more likely to hear Earth’s nuclear detonations, before the Arecibo SETI signal—12 years before, to be exact. But the Arecibo message was actually never meant to provide a realistic chance of contacting ETi, right? It was just a technology demonstration: (Ref.: Wikipedia: Arecibo message.)

What do nuclear explosions tell ET about Earth?

Nuclear explosions are fairly drastic events. The radio signatures of nuclear explosions are distinct. They speak of intelligence and stupidity at the same time.

Worldwide, more than 2,000 nuclear bombs have detonated since 1945. This madness ended in 1962, with the biggest explosion of them all, the Tsar Bomba.

TRIANGLE

Nuclear Trinity Test site, alleged Roswell UAP crash site, Air Base of nuclear bomber Enola Gay
Google maps

I am intrigued by the close proximity of these three sites to each other:
The first nuclear explosion at the Trinity test site occurred in 1945 approximately 62 miles from the reported 1947 Roswell UFO crash site in New Mexico.

Roswell was the home of the Walker Air Force base for the Enola Gay bomber, which delivered the first nuclear payload used in war to Hiroshima in 1945. The base was close to the alleged Roswell UFO crash site.

The Roswell UFO crash is not something I “believe” in on a regular basis.

Time moves backward

Let’s suppose there exist advanced extraterrestrials that have discovered a way to travel faster than light. Most physicists agree that this is impossible. Because according to Einstein’s theory of relativity, travelling faster than light means that time moves backward.

What if, at this very moment, extraterrestrials residing on a star 62 light-years away from Earth received the Tsar bomb’s electromagnetic pulse (EMP) and chose to determine its source?

They construct an FTL ship and direct it toward the area where Earth was 62 years ago in space.

They arrive in 1962 and learn about Earth’s history, and decide to go back even further in time, to 1945, to prevent the nuclear holocaust in Japan.

The Trinity test site, the site of the first nuclear explosion on Earth, and Walker Air Force Base, the airfield from where the Enola Gay bomber aircraft launched its first run, were both selected as their target locations.

But their mission failed, and they crash-landed in 1947, too late to change history. Temporal space calculations are inherently tricky, it seems. And maybe the past can’t be changed to make a substantial difference.

I’m not saying that we should set off nuclear bombs to attract the attention of ET. Earth has already done that.

Do you think ET sees these explosions as a threat? Or that they interpreted these as humanities appeals for help, like shipwrecked sailors setting off flares in the night?

I think the latter is the case.

WHO IS THERE?
Today, in 2025, 63 years have passed since the detonation of the Tsar Bomba. The EMP signal has travelled outward from Earth at the speed of light since then. Since then, it has reached and passed by over 1500 stars. In a 63 light-year radius, we find hundreds of systems that have Earthlike planets. Within 32.6 light-years alone, there are 104 exoplanets listed, as confirmed by the NASA Exoplanet Archive.

“We should find extraterrestrial life within 60 light-years, if Earth is average, professor claims”
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-extraterrestrial-life-light-years-earth-average.html

We should not be astonished if someone comes to check us out; it is a possibility.

Calculations
PDF & Equations: https://www.academia.edu/127055674/Arecibo_message_power_vs_Tsar_Bomba_Calculation

References:

Ref. 1: Duke Energy, What can you do with one terawatt hour?
https://news.duke-energy.com/releases/duke-energy-customers-surpass-1-terawatt-of-energy-savings-through-my-home-energy-report-program

Data Science Lab, Tsar Bomba Strength
https://dlab.epfl.ch/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/t/Tsar_Bomba.htm

Effects of Nuclear Explosion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_nuclear_explosions

SETI ORG Arecibo Message
https://www.seti.org/seti-institute/project/details/arecibo-message

Yotta Watt converter
https://www.convertunits.com/from/yottawatt/to/terawatt

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Notes about time travel

The Grandfather Paradox / How Does Time Travel Work? / How to Travel Into the Future / 1. **The Waiting Game** / 2. **Time Dilation** / 3. **Suspended Animation** / 4. **Traveling as a Time Tourist** / 5. **Changing History Through Time Dilation**

**The Grandfather Paradox**
The grandfather paradox raises a troubling question: What would happen if you traveled back in time and killed your grandfather? In that scenario, your grandfather would indeed be dead, just as he would be if you killed him in the present. However, this creates an inconsistency—you would still exist, since you’ve already been born. Essentially, you cannot simply “unborn” yourself.

**How Does Time Travel Work?**
To travel back in time, you would need a superluminal vehicle, which is capable of moving faster than the speed of light. To reach your intended destination, you must aim it at specific coordinates in both space and time. It’s important to note that Earth and the solar system are constantly moving at high velocities through the cosmos. Fortunately, superluminal vehicles can match these speeds.

To successfully arrive at your destination without incident, precise timing is essential. As you plan your journey further back in time, the calculations become increasingly complex. To ensure safe arrival, it’s advisable to target the space surrounding Earth, rather than the planet itself, to avoid collision. Ultimately, you would need to use a smaller ship to land, approaching from outer space.

**How to Travel Into the Future**
There are several methods to travel into the future—specifically, five intriguing ways.

1. **The Waiting Game**
The simplest method is to simply wait. All of us are constantly moving into the future at a steady pace of one second per second. While our mental states can influence how we perceive the passage of time, the rate at which time moves remains consistent for everyone. However, time does flow differently depending on gravitational conditions. For instance, at sea level, time passes more slowly than it does at the top of a mountain, where gravity’s influence is weaker.

2. **Time Dilation**
Time dilation offers another fascinating approach. If you’re inside a moving object, such as an airplane or a rocket ship, time slows down for you relative to those who remain stationary. If you were to accelerate that rocket ship to the speed of light, time would effectively come to a standstill for the occupants. Upon returning to the launch site after traveling at near-light speed, you would find that everyone left behind has aged significantly. If the journey lasted for many centuries, those back on Earth would have experienced the full passage of that time, while you remain unchanged.

3. **Suspended Animation**
Another method involves suspended animation. Our bodies age and progress through time at a constant rate due to our metabolism and the Brownian motion occurring within our cells. By slowing down or halting these processes, one could enter a deep sleep and awaken decades or even centuries later, having aged not a moment.

**Returning from Your Past After Time Travel**
When it comes to returning to the future after time travel, there are two scenarios to consider, depending on your intentions: traveling as a tourist or aiming to change history.

4. **Traveling as a Time Tourist**
In this scenario, you commandeer a faster-than-light spacecraft and direct it toward the approximate position in space where Earth will be after a millennium. Since you can’t perceive where Earth will be in a thousand years—because it hasn’t reached that point yet from your current perspective—you must rely on your knowledge of the timeline. If you traveled to the past using a faster-than-light spacecraft and then returned, you would find that, despite any previous changes like hypothetically killing your grandfather, the course of history remains remarkably unchanged, and your grandfather would still be alive. You’d walk away with a fascinating story to tell.

5. **Changing History Through Time Dilation**
Conversely, if you choose to travel from your past into the future via the time dilation method—perhaps by orbiting Earth at near light speed—you would arrive in a timeline drastically altered by your actions. In this case, you might find yourself in a “beta universe” where your grandfather never existed, and consequently, neither would you. While you could observe this altered reality, it doesn’t pose a problem since you hail from a different branch of the multiverse (the “alpha universe”). Thus, even though you have no place in the beta universe, your past experiences in another universe endow you with a unique perspective.

By understanding and leveraging these methods, the concept of time travel transcends mere science fiction, inviting us to explore the mysteries of our existence and the nature of time itself.

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Who created the Big Bang?

In the beginning, there was nothing—an infinite void, silent and dark, until an unimaginable explosion shattered the stillness. Join us on an exhilarating quest through the realms of science, philosophy, and the unknown as we seek to uncover the enigmatic force behind the Big Bang. Who created the Big Bang?

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What is the shape of the Universe?

Imagine standing beneath a starlit sky, gazing up at the twinkling cosmos, and pondering the greatest question that has captivated humanity for centuries: What is the shape of the Universe? Is it a boundless expanse stretching out infinitely in all directions, or does it curve back on itself like the surface of a balloon?

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What created the Big Bang?

The Big Bang created the universe. What created the Big Bang?

It was the Belgian priest and Vatican astronomer Lemaitre who coined the term “Big Bang”. He was trying to reconcile the Bible’s statement in Genesis (Gen. 1:3, God said, “And there was light”) with cosmology.

Georges Henri Joseph Édouard Lemaître

Outside of religious considerations, therefore, I believe that the question of the origin of the universe is misleading. I do not believe that anything or anyone created anything in the past. Scientifically speaking, researchers consider the concept of time —past, present, and future— to be outdated. Time is an illusion, said Einstein. An illusion of the human perspective, I say.

Albert Einstein clock face

For most people, there is a beginning, for instance, when we think back to our childhood. A first memory, a first thought.

But that is also an illusion, born of human amnesia. The human amnesia of the past is our amnesty from sin.

Philosophically speaking, the universe has always existed. What is new is that today we have the consciousness to understand that there is “us” and the universe. We create the (human) universe in our thoughts at this moment. There is no separation between our inner and outer world.

By “us,” I mean you, me, and everything we understand and that “exists.”

We try to make sense of it and look for a “beginning,” a “big bang.” But the universe has always existed. It is infinite and has no beginning or end, like a Moebius strip.

Why? Why not?

Question by C.A.:
The term “infinity” is a contradiction. The universe, of which we perceive a small part, cannot and must not be “infinite”.

Because everything that exists as a whole is in itself an interaction (>2). Such a whole can only exist in a state of equilibrium because it can be determined and thus considered to exist. Otherwise, one side (as an equilibrium parameter) would very quickly “destroy” the whole. An equilibrium must consist of mutually balancing subunits.

The equilibrium in a whole (even if its boundaries cannot be clear to us!) cannot be “infinite” as such, because otherwise the interacting components (the counterforces) that keep each other in check should be simultaneously and reciprocally “infinite” depending on the change in the size of the opposing side, but this cannot be explained rationally in physical terms.

For example: Although the number 10 symbolizes a unique quantity, dividing this quantity by three results in a repeating “infinite” number. This is because 3 is not a divisor of 10, which means that such divisions do not lead to a finite result.

Comment by A.P.:
Very well written! I would just add with regard to the question that the alleged “Big Bang”, like ALL theories, has never been proven and is based only on assumptions and speculations… well, and perhaps EVERYTHING in the manifested worlds is ultimately an illusion and follows a detailed plan with rules and laws.

Question by C.R.:


Well, I’m not a physicist. But the “Big Bang,” i.e., the beginning of the universe as we think we know it, was neither a bang in the sense of an explosion (there would have been no one there who could have heard it, no one was there anyway), nor did it take place at a point. I imagined it as a pure calculation model, so not concrete at all. There are reliable measurements of an apparently expanding universe, and you can calculate that back to a point. Point? A candle that burns cannot have burned forever.

Is the entire energy and mass of the universe (which according to Einstein is the same thing) limited, or do both create themselves anew, or does it all just change? Does everything that moves go back to ever new causes up to the first “shove” that has no cause (Aristotle), God for theists? But God is not part of the methodology of the natural sciences, since he is neither provable nor measurable. As interesting as that would be, I can’t imagine anything.

Answer:
Yes, we have the expanding universe. But if it expands into infinity, it doesn’t need a beginning, does it?



All calculation models are based on the assumption that the redshift is caused by expansion. The expansion theory assumes a certain geometry for the universe: the Riemann sphere, a ball, to put it simply.

A simplified Riemann Sphere and human

I am a fan of the torus theory, however, even if the transmission of this information was done in an unconventional way. You could also say: telepathic.

Telepathy has been a staple of science fiction for a while. In recent years, it has been successfully demonstrated in laboratories on mice, using cable.

Humans have also been successfully wired up as telepathy test subjects. Internet protocols were used to transmit thoughts between humans on different continents. Naturally occurring telepathy in hypersensitive individuals without technical aids is considered extasensory perception, or ESP.

There’s a stigma surrounding ESP. Studies inverstigating ESP that confirm it’s existence are considered pseudoscience.

In telepathy, the meaning of a concept sometimes gets garbled in transmission. For instance, transmitting the concept of a horn torus can be mistaken by the receiver for a horn TAURUS, or the horns of a bull.

This was my vision: Back in 1986, before I went to sleep, I saw this majestic structure floating in the room, and all the stars and galaxies were moving towards the center.

At first, I wasn’t sure what I was seeing: a torus with an infinitesimal hole in the middle, and everything on its surface moves towards a POINT (or a tunnel) to then be reborn at the other end.

Was it a “bagel”?

This bagel 🥯 model is now called HTUM in scientific nomenclature, the Hyper-Torus Universe Model. Each sesame seed on the (simplified) bagel corresponds to a galaxy cluster.

All fields have this shape. By that, I don’t mean flower fields, but electromagnetic fields.

The shape of fields

The website “Hyper-Torus Universe Model” has an interactive simulation of the Hyper-Torus (link).

Hyper Torus Universe Model from https://htum.org

The whole thing looks really sexy:

Horntorus.com


This is a universe with a beginning and an end.

Next, we will be looking at evidence that this is the actual shape of the cosmos.

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“The Implications of the discovery of extra-terrestrial life for religion.” Royal Society presentation and article

Ted F. Peters 2011, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A | Summary by Erich Habich-Traut for the Contact Project, 2021

Three crosses on a hill at sunset. Free Church of Scotland, Reverend Sandy Sutherland, used with permission

The implications of the discovery of extra-terrestrial life for religion. Theologian Ted Peters wrote about the future of religion. He asked the following questions:

(i) Will confirmation of extra-terrestrial intelligence (ETI) cause terrestrial religion to collapse?

A few years ago, Ted Peters decided to put conventional wisdom to a test. Along with his Berkeley research assistant, Julie Louise Froehlig, he devised a survey: the Peters ETI Religious Crisis Survey:

Would the discovery of an extraterrestrial civilization cause a crisis in religious beliefs? Peters surveyed evangelical, protestant, catholic and orthodox Christians, and also Mormons, Jews, Buddhists and Atheists:

‘No’ is the answer based upon a summary of the ‘Peters ETI Religious Crisis Survey’. The discovery of an extraterrestrial civilization would not cause a crisis in religious beliefs.

When we turn away from one’s own personal beliefs and ask respondents to forecast what will happen to the world’s religions, including beliefs other than one’s own, something startling was revealed:

What the survey question above shows is the conventional wisdom of non-religious persons. They make a prediction about what will happen to religious persons: Atheists believe that religions will face a crisis.

Contrary, the Peters survey shows evidence that religious believers themselves do not fear that contact with ETI will undercut their beliefs or precipitate a religious crisis.

Then the paper examines four specific challenges to traditional doctrinal belief likely to be raised at the detection of ETI:

(ii) What is the scope of God’s creation?
This entire universe can be viewed as the product of God’s creative power and loving grace.

(iii) What will be the moral character of the alien intelligences we meet?
Will our extra-terrestrial neighbours be subject to sin? Will they have fallen, so to speak? Or, might the aliens have escaped the scourges that plague us here on Earth?

(iv) Is one earthly incarnation in Jesus Christ enough for the entire cosmos, or should we expect multiple incarnations on multiple planets?
What theologians agree on is that the incarnation we have witnessed within our own planetary history is that of the divine Logos, the divine mind through which everything in physical reality has come into being. They presume continuity between this incarnation and whatever exists despite its distance from us. 

(v) Will contact with more advanced ETI diminish human dignity?
Suppose we Earthlings begin to recognize that we are outclassed by our superior space neighbours.  Might we lose our dignity?

“Hand Of God”, NASA

The existence of a more advanced extrasolar civilization does not preclude our being an object of divine concern. Contact with alien intelligence will not disenfranchise us from being created in God’s image.

The belief that God has revealed himself in a supreme way, frees one to look for that which is of God outside that particular revelation. Christians should expect to learn new things about God from an encounter with aliens.

Conclusion
Despite the conventional wisdom, it is not reasonable to forecast that any of Earth’s major religious traditions will confront a crisis let alone a collapse should we confirm an encounter with extra-terrestrial intelligence.

Ted Peters believes that contact with extra-terrestrial intelligence will expand the existing religious vision that all of creation—including the 13.7 billion year history of the universe replete with all of God’s creatures—is the gift of a loving and gracious God.

Reference:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: https://www.academia.edu/14721074/_The_Implications_of_the_discovery_of_extra_terrestrial_life_for_religion_Royal_Society_presentation_and_article

Ted Peters biography:
http://mttaborslc.org/ted-peters

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You’re warped onto the home world of friendly aliens in some unknown part of the Galaxy. How would you describe Earth’s location in the universe to them?

Pulsar Map Tattoo

I would show them my pulsar map. Astronomer and astrophysicist Frank Drake designed the map, working with fellow astronomer Carl Sagan and artist and writer Linda Salzman Sagan. The pulsar map shows the location of our sun relative to known pulsars. This map was placed on the interstellar space probes Voyager 1 & 2 in 1977.

The map is slightly inaccurate because of a rounding error on one pulsar, but its better than nothing.

Whether or not to have a tattoo of it is debatable. A dog tag may be easier to carry.

The Magic About Pulsars
Discovered in 1967 by Northern Irish astrophysicist Jocelyn Bell Burnell, pulsars were described by Antony Hewish to be the remains of collapsed suns.

For reasons not entirely understood they emit pulses of radio waves (and like lighthouses sometimes visible light) with the accuracy of atomic clocks, staying active for billions of years. It has something to do with magnetic fields.

Frank Drake drew the pulsar map using 14 pulsars that were known in the early 1970’s. Today we know of many more pulsars but they are not as powerful and bright. Frank Drake’s original pencil-drawn pulsar map today lives in an old tomato box at home.

Frank Drake hand drawn original pulsar map that went to Outer Space.

Each pulsar is connected to the sun by a solid line. The length of the line represents the pulsar’s approximate relative distance from the sun.
Etched along each of the pulsar lines are vertical and horizontal dashes that represent a binary number that can be converted into a decimal.
When multiplied by a known measure of time, that number reveals the frequency of the pulsar—how fast it spins and flashes.

Successfully decoding the map would unambiguously pinpoint the sun’s position and the time frame of the spacecraft’s launch.

This is an article by the “Contact Project”.

We can be found on https://contactproject.org.

The Contact Project is also on reddit: https://reddit.com/r/contactproject

Reference:
How to Read a Pulsar Map
https://www.pbs.org/the-farthest/science/pulsar-map/

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